Moderns associate empathy (objective understanding of another) with sympathy (subjective understanding of another)....and if you are not automatically sympathetic you are accused of being antipathetic, i.e., ruled by the emotion of hatred.
It could be associated with 'recovering Abrahamics' and how with the demise of Abraham's one-god, the average man sought to replace the concept with a new one: nationalism, or absolute cosmic order.
In my view the idea of an all-encomassing, all-incusive, omnipotent, omniscient one-god was replaced with the concept of humanity.
God = Humanity; humanity = god.
Compassion is god's unifying essence.
To see yourself ni another is to see god there.
Compassion = to share, or participate in another's pathos.
Sympathy = to see yourself in everything.
At the same time discrimination and negation of other is individuation; the root of identity: I am other than....
And 'natural selection' implies discrimination, free-will being an expression of individual power, multiplied by self-awarness.
Natural order is based on multiplicities and an emerging consciousness that can discriminate and choose.
Life differs from non-life because it can choose - even a plant chooses - willfulness.
Higher life is distinguished by its ability - freedom of will - to choose between multiple options - perception, discrimination and choice are essential to life, and everything that attempts to reduce this is, essentially, attempting to reduce the higher to a lower state.
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Knowing = data storage; interpretation and accumulation (memory) of experiences, information, data...
Life (organisms) can only perceive and appropriate and assimilate order (patterners) - patterns reduced to abstractions: images, concepts, sensations, ideas = noumena.
Understanding = perception of patterns in sensory patterns - natural laws, species, types, kinds, being an example of how man perceives patterns in patterns, i.e., in matter, energy and all perceptible order, and their interactivities.
Understanding perceives details that differentiate what seems alike for simpler minds.
Differentiating subjectivity from objectivity is a start.
Empathy is to sympathy/antipathy what subjectivity is to objectivity - a third-person perspective among those who are trapped in first or second-person perspectives: detachment of one's perceptions, judgements, from its self-interests, ego, emotions, producing clarity, i.e., higher order of awareness, discrimination, differentiation etc.
First-person perceptives (animals, i.e., no, or minimal self-knowledge) - leads to second-person perspectives (subjectivity, i.e., projection of self-knowledge into otherness) - leading to third-person perspectives (objectivity, i.e., perception of other and self from a god-like perspective).
Part of a warriors/hunters talent is to enter the mind of another so as to predict and pre-empt their actions, movements, choices.....but not become trapped in a sympathy towards them - although antipathy, in this context, is helpful it can also corrupt judgements/evaluations.
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γνῶθι σεαυτόν
μηδέν άγαν